OCPP 1.6, 2.0.1 and 2.1 Explained
Compare open charge point communication generations and the importance of tested interoperability.
What OCPP connects
OCPP is a protocol between charging stations and a charge point management system. It supports operational functions such as authorization, transactions, diagnostics and, depending on version and implementation, smart charging.
Version differences
OCPP 1.6 remains widely deployed. OCPP 2.0.1 introduces an extended device model and additional security and management functions; it is not wire-compatible with OCPP 1.6. OCPP 2.1 builds on 2.0.1 and addresses additional functions including bidirectional power flow.
Ask for evidence
A product description saying “OCPP compatible” is insufficient. Request the exact version, transport, supported profiles or functional blocks, backend integration results and independent certification where applicable.
Version selection in a project
OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 and OCPP 2.1 represent different protocol generations. OCPP 2.0.1 is not a drop-in wire replacement for OCPP 1.6. The Open Charge Alliance lists OCPP 2.1 as released in 2025. Confirm exact edition, implementation and which functions are actually supported.
Interoperability evidence
Ask the equipment vendor for the backend interoperability test matrix, deployment examples, security configuration, transaction and availability functions, supported device model, offline behavior and the status of any OCA certification. Certification must be tied to an exact version and specific product, not inferred from the protocol name.
Does OCPP 2.1 automatically support a specific bidirectional charger?
No. A protocol can define capability while charger hardware, software, vehicle interfaces and relevant approvals determine whether it actually operates.
Primary references
Educational content, not installation or legal advice. Check current standards and local requirements.
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